Coal Tar

What is Coal Tar?

Coal tar is a well-established dermatological ingredient derived from coal, primarily as a by-product of the destructive distillation of coal. It has been used for centuries in medicine, particularly for its efficacy in treating various skin conditions. This complex substance contains thousands of different compounds, including phenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and heterocyclic compounds, which contribute to its therapeutic effects. Available in various formulations such as shampoos, creams, ointments, lotions, and bath solutions, coal tar is a common over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription treatment.

How Does it Work?

The exact mechanism of action of coal tar is not fully understood due to its complex composition, but it is known to exert several beneficial effects on the skin. Its primary actions include:

• Anti-proliferative: One of the most critical effects of coal tar is its ability to slow down the rapid growth of skin cells. In conditions like psoriasis, skin cells multiply much faster than normal. Coal tar helps to normalize this cell turnover, reducing the thickness and scaling associated with these conditions.
• Anti-inflammatory: It possesses anti-inflammatory properties, which help to reduce redness, swelling, and discomfort in affected skin areas.
• Antipruritic: Coal tar can significantly alleviate itching, a common and distressing symptom of many chronic skin diseases.
• Antiseptic: It has mild antiseptic qualities, helping to prevent or reduce bacterial and fungal growth on the skin, which can sometimes exacerbate certain skin issues.
• Keratoplastic: At lower concentrations, it promotes the healthy growth of the stratum corneum (the outermost layer of the skin). At higher concentrations, it can be keratolytic, helping to shed dead skin cells.

By combining these actions, coal tar effectively manages symptoms and promotes healthier skin, making it a valuable treatment option for chronic inflammatory skin conditions.

Medical Uses

Coal tar is widely recognized for its effectiveness in treating a range of chronic inflammatory skin conditions. Its primary medical uses include:

• Psoriasis

  This is perhaps the most well-known application. Coal tar is highly effective in treating mild to moderate psoriasis, including plaque psoriasis, guttate psoriasis, and scalp psoriasis. It works by reducing the excessive skin cell proliferation and inflammation that characterize the condition, leading to a decrease in scaling, redness, and itching.

• Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis)

  For certain types of eczema, particularly chronic hand eczema or lichenified areas, coal tar can be beneficial. Its anti-inflammatory and antipruritic properties help to soothe irritated skin and reduce the intense itching, which can break the itch-scratch cycle.

• Seborrheic Dermatitis

  Often affecting the scalp, face, and chest, seborrheic dermatitis causes red, scaly, and greasy patches. Coal tar shampoos and topical preparations can effectively control the scaling and inflammation associated with this condition, including its most common manifestation: dandruff.

• Dandruff

  As a common form of mild seborrheic dermatitis, dandruff is characterized by flaking and sometimes itching of the scalp. Coal tar shampoos are a go-to treatment for many, as they help to reduce cell turnover on the scalp and alleviate flaking and itching.

• Other Skin Conditions

  Less commonly, coal tar may be used for other chronic pruritic and scaling conditions like lichen simplex chronicus or pityriasis rosea, under the guidance of a dermatologist.

Dosage

The appropriate dosage and application frequency of coal tar products depend on the specific formulation, the concentration of the active ingredient, and the condition being treated. Always follow the instructions provided by your healthcare professional or on the product label.

• Topical Creams and Ointments: Typically applied once or twice daily to affected areas. A thin layer is usually sufficient.
• Shampoos: Used 2-3 times a week, or as directed. Lather into wet hair, leave on for 5-10 minutes, then rinse thoroughly.
• Bath Solutions: Added to bathwater as prescribed. Soaking time usually ranges from 15-20 minutes.

It is often recommended to start with lower concentrations and gradually increase if needed and tolerated. Patch testing a small area of skin before widespread application can help check for sensitivity.

Side Effects

While generally safe and effective, coal tar can cause some side effects, especially with higher concentrations or prolonged use. Common side effects include:

• Skin Irritation: Redness, stinging, burning, or itching, particularly when first starting treatment.
• Dryness: The treated skin may become dry.
• Photosensitivity: Coal tar can make the skin more sensitive to sunlight, increasing the risk of sunburn. It is crucial to use sunscreen and wear protective clothing when exposed to the sun.
• Staining: It can stain skin, hair, nails, and clothing. This staining is usually temporary on the skin but can be more persistent on fabric.
• Folliculitis: Inflammation of hair follicles, appearing as small red bumps, can occur, especially in hairy areas.

Rarely, allergic reactions may occur. If you experience severe irritation, swelling, or blistering, discontinue use and consult a doctor immediately. Avoid applying coal tar to open wounds, infected skin, or sensitive areas like the eyes and mucous membranes.

Drug Interactions

Due to its topical application, systemic drug interactions with coal tar are generally minimal. However, it's important to be aware of potential local interactions or additive effects:

• Photosensitizing Drugs: Concomitant use with other medications that increase photosensitivity (e.g., certain antibiotics like tetracyclines, diuretics like hydrochlorothiazide) may heighten the risk of sunburn.
• Other Topical Treatments: Using multiple topical treatments on the same area simultaneously without medical advice can increase the risk of irritation or alter the efficacy of either product. Always consult your healthcare provider before combining coal tar with other topical medications.

Always inform your doctor or pharmacist about all medications, supplements, and herbal products you are currently using to avoid potential interactions.

FAQ

• Is coal tar safe for long-term use?

  For chronic conditions, coal tar can be used long-term under medical supervision. However, some practitioners recommend breaks from treatment to minimize potential side effects and maintain efficacy.

• Can coal tar be used on the face?

  It can be used on the face, but with caution, usually in lower concentrations, and avoiding the eyes, nostrils, and mouth due to increased sensitivity in these areas.

• Does coal tar have a strong smell?

  Yes, coal tar products typically have a characteristic, somewhat medicinal or smoky odor that some people find strong or unpleasant. Formulations often include fragrances to mask this smell.

• Will coal tar stain my clothes or bedding?

  Yes, it can stain fabrics, especially lighter colors. It's advisable to wear old clothes or use protective coverings when applying and to allow products to dry completely before contact with textiles.

• How long does it take to see results with coal tar?

  Improvement can often be seen within a few weeks of consistent use, but significant results for chronic conditions like psoriasis may take several weeks or even months.

Products containing Coal Tar are available through trusted online pharmacies. You can browse Coal Tar-based medications at ShipperVIP or Medicenter.

Summary

Coal tar remains a valuable and effective topical treatment for a variety of chronic inflammatory skin conditions, including psoriasis, eczema, and seborrheic dermatitis, including dandruff. Its multi-faceted mechanism of action helps to reduce inflammation, itching, and the excessive skin cell growth characteristic of these conditions. While generally well-tolerated, users should be aware of potential side effects such as skin irritation, photosensitivity, and staining. Always follow product instructions and consult a healthcare professional to determine the most appropriate formulation and usage for your specific needs, ensuring safe and effective treatment.